Awe’s Purpose
Isaiah 60:1-5a
by the Rev. Dr. E. Scott Jones
First Central Congregational Church
24 November 2024
So, many of you have probably been reading articles, columns, and essays analyzing the recent election and what it means. Everything from analyses of the polls to much deeper pieces claiming things like the end of the neo-liberal era have been all over the place. The conservative New York Times columnist Ross Douthat had a piece last weekend in which he claimed that the election was the clearest sign that the era we had been living in is over and a new one has begun. He wrote,
probably somewhere between the first reports of a deadly flu in Wuhan, China, and Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, one of history’s wheels turned irrevocably, and the normal that Trump’s opponents aspired to recover slipped definitively into the past. A restoration? No: The post-Cold War era has ended, and we’re not going back.
Instead, he pointed out,
All we know is that right now our core political categories are contested — with vigorous disagreement about what both democracy and liberalism mean, unstable realignments on both the left and the right, and “post-liberal” elements at work in right-wing populism and woke progressivism and managerial technocracy alike.
The consensus that has existed since the collapse of the Soviet Union is now over and political, social, and cultural debates will range over a much wider set of options and possibilities. And there’s something else that’s new about this time we live in. Douthat writes,
even the wilder influences are here to stay, because there is no cultural forcing mechanism to make the radical and reactionary go away . . . or to establish a zone of respectability and marginalize everything else.
That’s because we are also not going back to a world where there is a set of trusted truth-mediating institutions, core sources of news and information that everyone recognizes and trusts, a “mainstream” of argument and opinion-shaping that sets the parameters of debate.
Douthat summarized this as “We’re experiencing a more radical kind of informational fracture.”
I’ve been pondering what this analysis, if true, means for the Mainline Protestant Christian Church and the institutions and practices we’ve spent centuries building.
But today I’m going to talk about how this relates to the purpose of awe, as we wrap up our autumn series on the topic, with the eighth and final “wonder of life” as identified by the psychologist Dacher Keltner. These are the eight ways that humans across the globe and in myriad cultures and religions experience awe. We’ve examined nature, music, art, mysticism, etc. and today we come to epiphanies. Ever had an epiphany that left you in awe?
Here’s how Keltner describes the physical experience we humans have when we are in awe. Read excerpt page 249.
And that process in our bodies results in a shift in our thinking and feeling. Keltner writes, “Awe shifts our minds from a more reductionistic mode of seeing things in terms of separateness and independence to a view of phenomena as interrelating and dependent.” He continues, “Awe enables us to see that life is a process, that all endless forms most beautiful are deeply interconnected, and involve change, transformation, impermanence, and death.”
In other words, the very experience of awe, including its seven other forms we’ve already talked about, generates epiphanies. Awe and wonder lead to us seeing things in new ways. Opening our minds to new things. Transforming the ways we think and feel and interact with the world.
Awe, he teaches, “is about knowing, sensing, seeing, and understanding fundamental truths.” We gain self-knowledge in moments of awe. And we gain knowledge about the world and how it works.
The fundamental epiphany that Keltner declares results from an exploration of awe—our interconnectedness with all of reality and the ways we depend upon those larger systems.
This is how he finally answers the question, what is the purpose of this emotion? What is the purpose of awe? He answers, “Awe integrates us into the systems of life—communities, collectives, the natural environment, and forms of culture, such as music, art, religion, and our mind’s efforts to make sense of all its webs of ideas. The epiphany of awe is that its experience connects our individual selves with the vast forces of life.”
One of my favorite 21st century books of philosophy is Susan Neiman’s Evil in Modern Thought. A fascinating discussion of the ideas of Frederick Nietzsche, Hannah Arendt, Albert Camus, John Rawls, and others, and what we can learn about evil and the struggle against it from their writings.
For Neiman, the problem of evil is not just the classic religious problem of how evil exists if God is good and powerful. Rather, she believes the existence of evil is a challenge and a threat for all belief systems that try to make sense of the world. Even more a of challenge for those belief systems based on reason than those based on religion.
She writes, “When the world is not as it should be, we begin to ask why.” That’s the origin of the problem. She adds, “We proceed on the assumption that the true and the good, and just possibly the beautiful, coincide. Where they do not, we demand an account.”
And nowhere is that human demand more obvious than in children when they cry out, “That’s not fair.” Or when they won’t quit asking questions, trying to understand. Neiman states it well—“The adamant child who wants every question answered expresses something about the nature of reason.” She adds, “In the child’s refusal to accept a world that makes no sense lies all the hope that ever makes us start anew.”
This fundamental human insistence on understanding and fairness is what drives us to keep on. When the world doesn’t make sense, we don’t resign ourselves to hopelessness and despair and give up. We have the power to fashion human relations and culture that do make more sense than what we currently have. And in that childhood demand we get a sense of the ideals we are aspiring too.
Part of what kids awaken us to is awe and wonder. And those are vital to the project of overcoming evil and making the world a better, fairer, more rational place. Here’s how Neiman puts it, “We experience wonder in the moments when we see the world is as it ought to be.”
Maybe the greatest thing about our experiences of awe is that they show us the world we desire—one that is good and beautiful and rich with meaning. Our experiences of awe teach us what we yet may create.
So for Neiman, wonder is an essential tool in overcoming evil.
The theologian Kevin Hector, in his book Christianity as a Way of Life, elevates the crucial importance of the spiritual practice of paying attention. He writes, “At the most basic level, to practice attention is to loosen the grip of our preconceptions in order to see a particular object in all its particularity and, so, to let our mind be filled with that object’s peculiar reality.”
Think of all those great Mary Oliver poems that do this—paying attention to a rock, a turtle, wild geese, the waves on the shore. Or the current wave of anti-trans actions, which surely stem from a failure of paying attention—of paying attention to trans persons in their particularly. Paying attention is vitally important to our spiritual and social well-being.
But Kevin Hector adds that attention by itself is not sufficient for the Christian way of life. Attention trains us to see the world as abundant with the blessings of God our Creator, but we have to take a further step. We can’t only attend to the thing in front of us, we must also wonder about it. Wonder leads to appreciation. When we wonder, he writes, we must linger in that wonder, “let it sink in, and just so, to do justice to whatever wondrous thing we have beheld.”
And in this way attention, leading to awe and wonder, teaches us something. In other words, an epiphany. What does it teach? Hector answers that we will get better at contemplating God because we’ve gotten better at seeing God’s glory in everything around us.
Today is Reign of Christ Sunday. Originally “Christ the King Sunday” before we Christians made the wise choice to listen to women and alter our language and practice, and thus take one tiny step toward a better, fairer world.
A great essay this week in The Christian Century by T. Denise Anderson told the origin of this liturgical day:
In 1925, Pope Pius XI instituted the feast day of the Solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe. To understand why he did this, we should consider what was happening in the world at the time. That year, Adolf Hitler had just published the first volume of Mein Kampf, which detailed his descent into antisemitism and his sinister designs for world domination. . . . A year later, more than 40,000 members of the Ku Klux Klan marched on Washington to demand, among other things, immigration restrictions based on race and nationality. With membership of over 5 million at the time, the Klan was the largest fraternal organization in the United States. . . . The world was still navigating the aftermath of the Great War, and there was growing nationalist sentiment around the globe. Pius wanted to counter what he perceived to be unhealthy nationalism and increased secularism. He called the church to declare Christ’s kingship over all creation. The Christian’s first allegiance is therefore to Christ, whatever the nation of their citizenship. Regardless of where in the world Christians live, they should be guided by their values as followers of Christ, over and above national movements or cultural ethics.
Anderson then draws on why this liturgical celebration is important in 2024. She writes, sounding somewhat like Ross Douthat, “In a world in which misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories abound, the truth is not always obvious. The lies are often so much louder, more insistent, and definitely more abrasive.” She adds, “The truth is anathema in this age, probably because it’s easier (and often more profitable) to deal in lies. Lies concentrate power among the few, while the truth disperses it among the many.”
What, then, are Christians to do? If we truly live under the reign of Christ? Here is Anderson’s answer. Which I think is our Christian response to the world we live in as seen by Douthat in his essay. And an answer we can get to because of what we learn in our moments of awe. Which means this answer may be the purpose of our own exploration of awe this autumn. So, let me conclude with her words:
When we love our neighbor as ourselves, when we do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with God, and when we care for the afflicted and stand up for the oppressed, then we abide in truth and count ourselves as citizens of Jesus’ unique kingdom. The lie is fear. Scarcity narratives that stoke the fear that we don’t have enough, when scripture assures us God knows and intends to provide for our needs, are lies. The fear that siblings with different or no citizenship papers would all seek to do us harm affronts God’s truth that commands us to welcome the stranger among us. Fear is a lie. Love is truth.
A recommitment to truth in these times is in order for everyone, but especially for Jesus’ church.